Dental Sensitivity – Everything You Need to Know!
Have you ever felt pain and/or discomfort in your teeth when consuming hot or cold foods? If so, this article is of interest to you.
Tooth sensitivity is a very common oral health problem. Although it manifests in various ways, it predominantly appears as a sharp, short-lasting, and momentary pain. In some cases, the symptoms may gradually disappear without the need for any intervention. However, in more severe situations, it can cause significant discomfort, potentially affecting oral hygiene habits and requiring appropriate treatment.
Currently, several causes for the onset of this condition are identifiable, making it possible to manage it effectively. Let’s take a look at the main causes of this pain and how to act to prevent and treat it properly.
As mentioned, tooth sensitivity is a painful oral condition that ranges from mild to unbearable pain that occurs when the dentin (the inner layer of the tooth) is exposed. Dentin consists of tubules that connect the nerve (at the center of the tooth) to the external environment. When these tubules are unprotected and subjected to certain stimuli, they react by causing pain. The stimuli responsible for discomfort are typically thermal (cold and/or hot), mechanical/tactile, and even chemical (sweet and acidic foods).
What are the causes? The exposure of dentin can occur due to several factors, the most common being:
- Incorrect brushing: Using a toothbrush with hard bristles or brushing with too much pressure can wear down the enamel and cause gum recession, increasing the likelihood of dentin exposure.
- Plaque buildup: The presence of plaque around the tooth and along the gums causes inflammation of the gum tissues. If this inflammation worsens, it can lead to bone loss and gum recession, which will expose the dentin.
- Gum diseases: Gingivitis and periodontitis are characterized by inflammation of the gum tissues, which can lead to the loss of the tooth’s supporting structures, making the tooth roots and dentin more susceptible and vulnerable.
- Abrasive toothpastes: Some toothpastes contain abrasive agents (silica) that can wear down the tooth structure and potentially worsen or trigger tooth sensitivity.
- Mouthwashes: Excessive use of some types of mouthwashes (acidic and alcoholic) can exacerbate discomfort.
- Cavities: Advanced cavities can affect the dentin, increasing tooth sensitivity. If these lesions are near the gums, they are more likely to reach the dentin.
- Acidic or sugary foods and/or drinks: Consuming highly acidic foods or drinks (citrus, tomatoes, sodas, etc.) can erode tooth enamel, which will expose and weaken the dentin.
- Recent dental treatments: Some treatments can cause temporary tooth sensitivity, such as teeth whitening, tartar removal, and restorations.
- Broken teeth and/or damaged restorations: Besides the expected sensitivity due to the increased exposure of the root and/or dentin, it can be a place where bacteria accumulate, leading to inflammation of the gum tissues and the pulp of the tooth, causing pain.
- Bruxism: Grinding teeth can wear down the enamel, exposing the dentin of the tooth.
So, how can we prevent it? There are several therapeutic options available to prevent and treat tooth sensitivity, which, depending on the case, can reduce or even resolve the symptoms.
Having tooth sensitivity does not necessarily mean undergoing an uncomfortable and complicated treatment. The truth is that many cases can be easily resolved through good oral hygiene with the use of an appropriate toothpaste. Additionally, it is worth noting that the components of saliva also aid in the remineralization of tooth enamel.
Choosing the right toothbrush is very important. You should use a toothbrush with medium or soft bristles to minimize tooth wear and gum trauma.
Toothpaste should also be suitable for the individual’s needs. People with tooth sensitivity should avoid, for example, whitening toothpastes and use those with desensitizing properties, as they aim to block the dentin tubules to prevent the spread of pain.
If the discomfort and pain persist, you should consult your dentist to discover the cause, eliminate any bad habits that may be causing the pain, and resolve the issue properly. Treatments may include the application of fluoride varnishes or other desensitizing agents, restorations, and, in extreme cases, tooth devitalization may be necessary.
As the saying goes, it is better to prevent than to cure. To do so, keep in mind the possible causes (listed above), maintain proper oral hygiene, and visit your dentist regularly for advice and guidance on how to prevent and/or treat tooth sensitivity.
